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California Legislature Sends Historic Native American Apology Bill to Gov. Newsom’s Desk

OAKLAND POST — The measure closely mirrors AB 3089, the 2024 reparations-package bill apologizing to Black Californians for California’s role in perpetuating chattel slavery and systemic discrimination. Both measures require plaques memorializing the apologies to be prominently displayed in the State Capitol.

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Former Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer (D-Los Angeles) authored Assembly Bill 3089, which formally apologized for California’s role in perpetuating slavery and its enduring harms against Black Californians. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill into law in September 2024. A similar measure by Assemblymember James C. Ramos (D-Highland), apologizing for the state’s historical mistreatment of California Native Americans, has reached Newsom’s desk. CBM photo by Antonio Ray Harvey.

Two years after the California Legislature formally apologized to Black Californians for the state’s role in slavery and systemic discrimination, lawmakers have approved a parallel acknowledgment of atrocities committed against Native Americans.

Assembly Bill 2115, authored by Assemblymember James C. Ramos (D-Highland), passed the Assembly on Aug. 26 by a unanimous 79-0 vote after clearing the Senate 40-0. Enrolled Aug. 30, the measure awaited action by Gov. Gavin Newsom as of Sept. 7.

The measure closely mirrors AB 3089, the 2024 reparations-package bill apologizing to Black Californians for California’s role in perpetuating chattel slavery and systemic discrimination. Both measures require plaques memorializing the apologies to be prominently displayed in the State Capitol.

California Legislative Black Caucus (CLBC) member Sen. Laura Richardson (D-Inglewood) said, “The permanency (of the plaque) is so important that (Indigenous) people will continue to be remembered and recognized and do better,” Richardson said during a Senate committee hearing.

The connection extends beyond the plaques. During California’s formative years, the state enacted laws authorizing violence, forced labor and land theft against Native Americans while denying Black Californians fundamental rights and enabling slavery in a state admitted to the Union as “free.”

California’s first governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett, called for a “war of extermination” against Native Americans. During the same era, California enforced fugitive slave laws, permitted enslaved people to be held within its borders and prohibited Black residents from testifying against White people in court.

“In 1851, California’s first governor, Peter Burnett, addressed the Legislature where he openly declared a war against California’s first people,” said Ramos, a member of the Serrano/Cahuilla tribe and the Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation. “That war was paid for using taxpayers’ dollars to eliminate the Native American people of this land.”

Formally known as the “Rowena Mae Ramos Act,” AB 2115 states that California recognizes and accepts legal and moral responsibility for harms and atrocities committed against Native Americans by public officials since 1850.

If signed, the apology would bear the Great Seal of the State, be signed by state leaders and remain permanently in the State Archives, Ramos told California Black Media (CBM)/

“While we cannot undo the wrongs of the past, the state has a responsibility to confront it with honesty and pave the way for the true account of history to be told,” Ramos said.

AB 3089, authored by former Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer (D-South Los Angeles), was signed Sept. 26, 2024. Although California entered the Union as a free state in 1850, more than 2,000 enslaved African people were brought into the state between 1850 and 1860, according to the law. California courts enforced fugitive slave laws until 1865, while lawmakers opposed federal civil rights laws and delayed ratifying the 14th and 15th amendments.

The bill is named for Ramos’s mother, Rowena Mae Ramos, a tribal elder who taught Native American history and culture.

“My mom grew up at a time when racism wasn’t hidden. She went through a lot,” Ramos said. “I thought that it was only fitting to honor her with this bill, a formal apology on behalf of the state of California, that would now carry her name.”

Books

Tarsha Jordan’s Bonita the Bumble Bee Brings STEAM Learning to Life

OAKLAND POST — In “Bonita The Bumble Bee and the Quarantine,” Jordan helped young readers process the uncertainty and isolation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. In a later book about returning to school, Bonita guided children through changing routines, expectations and emotions. Designed to promote social-emotional development and mental health awareness, the book was made available in English, Spanish, and Mandarin.

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Tarsha Jordan. Photo by Carla Thomas.

For educator, childcare provider and children’s author Tarsha Jordan, Bonita the Bumble Bee is much more than a colorful storybook character. The cheerful bee has become a teaching tool, a comforting friend and a creative way for children to explore their emotions, navigate life changes and discover the world around them.

Jordan’s inspiration for Bonita grew from her lifelong commitment to children and education. With more than 30 years of experience as an educator and administrator, she operates Kindergarten Readiness Academy, a licensed family childcare program in Oakland’s Longfellow neighborhood. The academy prepares young children socially, emotionally and academically for school.

Her firsthand experience has given Jordan a deep understanding of how children communicate, what captures their attention, and how stories can open conversations young readers may not otherwise know how to begin.

Jordan describes her mission as developing lifelong learners who love reading while introducing children to relatable characters. Bonita fulfills that mission by addressing real-life experiences in language children can understand.

In “Bonita The Bumble Bee and the Quarantine,” Jordan helped young readers process the uncertainty and isolation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. In a later book about returning to school, Bonita guided children through changing routines, expectations and emotions. Designed to promote social-emotional development and mental health awareness, editions were made available in English, Spanish and Mandarin.

Bonita’s impact becomes even more immediate when children meet the character in person. Jordan recently hosted a Mommy and Me children’s tea party at Bay Street Emeryville, where Bonita buzzed around the event, greeted young guests and brought the literary character to life.

“The children can interact with the character, experience the excitement of seeing a familiar literary friend come to life and develop an even stronger connection with reading,” Jordan said.

For children of color, that connection carries another important dimension: representation. Children benefit from seeing themselves reflected in books, educational environments, imaginative characters and the people creating those stories.

Jordan also believes Bonita expands children’s imaginations and encourages them to envision new possibilities.

“When children of color see authors that look like them creating books, building educational programs and bringing original characters into their communities, they are exposed to the possibilities beyond the story itself,” Jordan said. “They can begin to imagine themselves as writers, educators, entrepreneurs, artists and creators.”

Founded to introduce STEAM, (science, technology, engineering, the arts and mathematics) to children in transitional kindergarten through third grade, Bonita The Bumble Bee also addresses neurodivergent behaviors.

Known to young learners as “Teacher Tarsha,” Jordan combines Bonita’s whimsical personality with hands-on experiments and activities for children ages 3 to 8. The experiences promote early literacy, strengthen problem-solving skills and give children tools for managing their emotional health.

Jordan holds master’s degrees in education and public administration and is pursuing a doctorate in education. Her academic preparation and extensive classroom experience help her create programs that are both engaging and developmentally meaningful.

“We’re hoping to take Bonita to the next level and welcome new partnerships,” Jordan said.

Visit BonitaTheBumbleBee.com

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Commentary

On Your November Ballot: Prop 45 Would Speed Up Environmental and Public Project Reviews

OAKLAND POST — The Committee to Build an Affordable California is leading the Yes on Proposition 45campaign. Supporters include Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland); the Agricultural Council of California; American Clean Power California; the California Building Industry Association; the California Chamber of Commerce; the California Council for Affordable Housing; the Housing Action Coalition; and Reform California.

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In November, California voters will decide on Proposition (Prop) 45, also known as the “Building an Affordable California Act” or the Expedited Environmental Review Process for Certain Projects Initiative.

If approved, the initiative would change the environmental review process established under the California Environmental Quality Act, or CEQA. Enacted in 1970, CEQA requires state and local agencies to identify and disclose the potential environmental effects of projects they propose to carry out, fund or approve. Agencies must also consider feasible alternatives and measures to avoid or reduce significant environmental harm. The law generally applies to projects that require discretionary government approval and could cause a direct or indirect physical change to the environment.

The Committee to Build an Affordable California is leading the Yes on Proposition 45campaign. Supporters include Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland); the Agricultural Council of California; American Clean Power California; the California Building Industry Association; the California Chamber of Commerce; the California Council for Affordable Housing; the Housing Action Coalition; and Reform California.

“Californians have too long paid the price for bureaucratic red tape and delays, and they’re ready for solutions. Voters are eager to modernize the project approval process so we can build what we need, bring costs down, and make California more affordable. We can protect the environment and good-paying jobs while delivering the essential projects California urgently needs,” said Jennifer Barrera, president and CEO of the California Chamber of Commerce.

Supporters argue that accelerating the review process would reduce costs and help address the state’s housing shortage.

People Over Polluters is leading the No on Proposition 45 campaign. Other opponents include the California Democratic Party, the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California, the California Public Interest Research Group, Clean Water Action, Clean and Healthy California, the National Parks Conservation Association and Sierra Club California. 

Opponents argue that the measure would sacrifice environmental protections and public oversight in the interest of speed. They contend that Proposition 45 could make it easier for polluting or environmentally harmful projects to adversely affect communities. They also emphasize the importance of maintaining existing review and public comment periods, as well as the public’s ability to challenge project approvals in court.

“We know that what they are really trying to do is eliminate a lot of the environmental safeguards that have existed for a long time. People have to read long technical documents to get a better understanding of whether a project is right or wrong for their community. It takes time for us to do discovery and have conversations with neighbors. Our input needs to be valued,” Miguel Miguel, director of Sierra Club California, said.

Prop 45 would also establish new tribal consultation requirements. Qualifying projects would first be screened to identify potentially affected federally recognized tribes, followed by formal consultation when required.

According to the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO), the measure would tighten deadlines for environmental reviews, permits and court challenges while changing what courts may consider in related lawsuits. 

A “yes” vote supports creating new review and court-challenge procedures for certain public and private projects, including tighter environmental review deadlines and limits on the scope of judicial review.

A “no” vote supports retaining the existing project-review and court-challenge procedures.

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Black History

Henry O. Flipper: A Trailblazer at West Point and Beyond

OAKLAND POST — Flipper’s promising military career ended abruptly in 1881 when he was accused of embezzling commissary funds. A court-martial acquitted him of embezzlement, but convicted him of conduct unbecoming of an officer. The Army dismissed him in 1882. The circumstances surrounding his punishment would later be widely regarded as unjust and influenced by the racial discrimination of the period.

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Henry Ossian Flipper. Public Domain.

Henry Ossian Flipper’s life is a remarkable story of insistence, achievement, injustice, and ultimately vindication. Born enslaved on March 21, 1856, in Thomasville, Georgia, Flipper rose from the restrictions of slavery to become the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point. His accomplishments extended far beyond military service; he later became a respected engineer, surveyor, author, translator, and government official.

After the Civil War, Flipper’s family settled in Atlanta, where education became central to his future. He attended schools established for African American children by the American Missionary Association and later studied at Atlanta University. In 1873, Congressman James C. Freeman of Georgia nominated Flipper for admission to West Point. He entered the academy that July.

Flipper’s four years at West Point were extremely difficult. Because of racism, he experienced harassment and almost complete social isolation from many of his fellow cadets. Nevertheless, he succeeded academically and graduated on June 14, 1877, ranking 50th in a class of 76. His graduation represented a historic breakthrough for African Americans in the United States military.

Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Flipper was assigned to the 10th U.S. Cavalry, one of the famed African American regiments known as the Buffalo Soldiers. At Fort Sill in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, Flipper served as an engineer, surveyor, construction supervisor, quartermaster, and commissary officer. One of his most lasting engineering accomplishments was a drainage system that eliminated pools of stagnant water around the fort and helped reduce mosquito-breeding areas. The system became known as “Flipper’s Ditch,” and portions of it remain associated with Fort Sill today.

Flipper’s promising military career ended abruptly in 1881 when he was accused of embezzling commissary funds. A court-martial acquitted him of embezzlement, but convicted him of conduct unbecoming of an officer. The Army dismissed him in 1882. The circumstances surrounding his punishment would later be widely regarded as unjust and influenced by the racial discrimination of the period.

Rather than allowing his dismissal to define his life, Flipper built an extraordinary civilian career. He became a civil and mining engineer and surveyor, working extensively throughout the American Southwest and Mexico. He established an engineering office in Nogales, Arizona, became knowledgeable about Spanish and Mexican land law, and later worked for the federal government, including service connected with the Department of Justice and the Department of the Interior.

Flipper died in Atlanta in 1940, but efforts to restore his reputation continued for decades. In 1976, the Army changed his dismissal to an honorable discharge. Then, on February 19, 1999, President Bill Clinton granted Flipper a posthumous presidential pardon.

Today, Henry Ossian Flipper is remembered because his life helped open doors for generations of African American military officers, engineers, and public servants who followed him.

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