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A Venezuelan Exodus: UIC Prof Explains What Helped Fuel Migrant Crisis, Pt. 1
CHICAGO DEFENDER — Soledad Álvarez Velasco is an Ecuadorian socio-anthropologist, human geographer and assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology and Latin American and Latino Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. We discussed the history of Venezuelan migration to the United States and the historical and political climate that has all but forced its citizens to migrate across the Americas. This is part 1 of our interview.
The post A Venezuelan Exodus: UIC Prof Explains What Helped Fuel Migrant Crisis, Pt. 1 first appeared on BlackPressUSA.
By Nicole Jeanine Johnson | Chicago Defender
Over the last year and a half, Chicago’s Sanctuary City designation has been tested. As of August 2022, the city has absorbed over 21,700 migrants, spreading them throughout. The influx of migrants raises one simple question among many Chicagoans: “What’s going on in Venezuela? Followed by, “Is it that bad that they have to come all the way here?”
I sat down with Soledad Álvarez Velasco, an Ecuadorian socio-anthropologist, human geographer and assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology and Latin American and Latino Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. We discussed the history of Venezuelan migration to the United States and the historical and political climate that has all but forced its citizens to migrate across the Americas. This is part 1 of our interview.
Nicole Jeanine Johnson: Prior to recent years, was Venezuela a prosperous country?
Soledad Álvarez Velasco: In the 1970s up until the 1990s, Venezuela was one of the most important destinations in the Americas for migration but also for tourism. There were people coming from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Argentina and even abroad in Europe like Spain and Italy. It has the largest oil reserves in the world. The oil boom propelled Venezuela to become this incredible magnet for the world.
Despite most modern-day conveniences that require oil to function, the demand did not protect against the oil price crash. In 2014, the price per barrel decreased from $100 in July 2014 to $30 by February 2016. Venezuela’s economy plummeted because it had no other industries to rely on.
Nicole Jeanine Johnson: How important was oil in the country’s economic prosperity?
Soledad Álvarez Velasco: Roughly 90% of the economy relies on oil exports. If you compare this to other countries that have been able to sustain themselves by exporting other raw materials and labor power to the global economy.
Venezuela is considered a petrostate: “The government income is deeply reliant on the export of oil and natural gas.” As such, its economy is not as diversified as others, nor is there broad taxation among its citizens. These countries do not have an appetite for development but will shore up any discontent through significant public spending.
Nicole Jeanine Johnson: Were other factors at play that exacerbated the impact of the 2014 oil crisis?
Soledad Álvarez Velasco: Yes. The U. S. [placed] sanctions on the economy, meaning that Venezuela could not export its oil. Plus, the internal collapse was due to the transition between Chávez’s and Maduro’s regimes.
From 2015 to 2019, the United States imposed sanctions on Venezuela that included “blocking Venezuela’s access to the U.S. financial system, freezing the Madura administration’s bank accounts and other assets, blocking oil imports from the state oil and gas company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA); and imposing penalties on individuals who the U.S. government determines have undermined democratic processes or committed human rights abuses.” As a result, the Venezuelan economy contracted as their gross domestic product growth plummeted from minus 25% in 2015 to 35% by 2019.
Nicole Jeanine Johnson: As this is a recipe for disaster, how have these factors contributed to the country’s mass exodus?
Soledad Álvarez Velasco: So the fall of the oil prices in the global economy, commodities, sanctions and the internal collapse of its state has provoked this massive exodus. We haven’t witnessed any exodus of such magnitude in the region ever in the scope of its 14 years. Since 1999, up until the present, [nearly] 8 million Venezuelans have left their country.
Venezuela’s mass exodus has been churning since 2015. Although the United States has absorbed a considerable number seeking asylum, neighboring South American countries have borne the brunt. According to the United States High Commission for Refugees, Colombia and Peru have received the most migrants at 2.9 million and 1.5 million, respectively.
The post A Venezuelan Exodus: UIC Prof Explains What Helped Fuel Migrant Crisis, Pt. 1 appeared first on Chicago Defender.
The post A Venezuelan Exodus: UIC Prof Explains What Helped Fuel Migrant Crisis, Pt. 1 first appeared on BlackPressUSA.
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Supreme Court Decision Confirms Convicted Felon Will Assume Presidency
NNPA NEWSWIRE — In a 5-4 ruling, the court stated that Trump’s concerns could “be addressed in the ordinary course on appeal” and emphasized that the burden of sentencing was “relatively insubstantial” given that Trump will not face prison time. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett joined the court’s three liberal justices in the majority, with four conservative justices dissenting.
By Stacy M. Brown, NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent
@StacyBrownMedia
The Supreme Court on Thursday rejected President-elect Donald Trump’s emergency request to block criminal proceedings in his New York hush money case, ensuring that a sentencing hearing will proceed as scheduled on Friday. The decision makes it official that, on January 20, for the first time in its history, the United States will inaugurate a convicted felon as its president.
In a 5-4 ruling, the court stated that Trump’s concerns could “be addressed in the ordinary course on appeal” and emphasized that the burden of sentencing was “relatively insubstantial” given that Trump will not face prison time. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett joined the court’s three liberal justices in the majority, with four conservative justices dissenting.
Trump was convicted in May for falsifying business records related to a $130,000 payment to adult film star Stormy Daniels before the 2016 election. Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg argued that the Supreme Court lacked jurisdiction to intervene in a state criminal case, particularly before all appeals in state courts were exhausted.
Trump’s legal team claimed the sentencing process would interfere with his transition to power and argued that evidence introduced during the trial included official actions protected under the Supreme Court’s prior ruling granting former presidents immunity for official conduct. Merchan, the New York judge who presided over the trial, ruled in December that the evidence presented was unrelated to Trump’s duties as president.
Prosecutors dismissed Trump’s objections, stating that the sentencing would take less than an hour and could be attended virtually. They said the public interest in proceeding to sentencing outweighed the President-elect’s claims of undue burden.
Justice Samuel Alito, one of the four dissenting justices, confirmed speaking to Trump by phone on Wednesday. Alito insisted the conversation did not involve the case, though the call drew criticism given his previous refusals to recuse himself from politically sensitive matters.
The sentencing hearing is set for Friday at 9:30 a.m. in Manhattan. As the nation moves closer to an unprecedented inauguration, questions about the implications of a convicted felon assuming the presidency remain.
“No one is above the law,” Bragg said.
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How Head Start Installs Confidence for Two Generations
NNPA NEWSWIRE — Head Start is a changemaker for all communities. Child by child, family by family, the seeds that are sowed continue to blossom as they stretch higher and higher toward the sunshine.
By Olivia Harvey
The founders of Head Start have always viewed parents as critical partners in their work to educate young children. They also understood that this partnership meant parents should help decide which services would most benefit their families and those in the community. As a result, Head Start created a formal leadership and policymaking role for parents and community members called the Policy Council.
Thank you to Head Start parent, Policy Council member, and alumna Olivia Harvey for recently sharing her story.
A few years ago my daughter Maliya was six years old and had just started kindergarten, after graduating from the Children First Head Start program in Sarasota County, Florida. It was hard to believe we’d reached this major milestone, but with all the love, care, and guidance she received from her incredible teachers, I’m confident that she will continue to blossom and thrive. Children First and the Head Start program have always been close to my heart, and the hearts of my family. My husband Malik is also a proud Head Start graduate along with some members of his family. He’s a wonderful support system and understands our shared mission of raising the healthiest, happiest family possible. Our lives are centered around family, and in addition to Maliya, we also have two other children, our sons Jeremiah and King. When we had our kids, we knew we didn’t have to look far to find quality, affordable childcare with amazing teachers we could trust. With the challenges we were facing, we knew we could turn to Children First’s Head Start program to help us find our path to success.
My family has been involved with Children First since Jeremiah was a toddler. Our family advocate, Ernestine, was there for Maliya and our entire family every step of the way. I know that even when my daughter is in high school, Ernestine will be there in a heartbeat if we ever need anything. The teachers care so deeply about the kids, and they never forget their faces. One day, Maliya came home with a photo taken by her teacher, Miss LaTonda. It was a baby picture of me because Miss LaTonda had been my teacher as well. I couldn’t believe she had kept it for all these years! It was such a special memory to share with my daughter, and it’s moments like this that let me know we will always be a part of the Children First family. Through Head Start, I also found a lot of support personally and as a parent. Due to the pandemic, I had reduced hours and was forced to seek other employment. During this time, I needed something that would allow me to feel professional and help me keep my skills up while at the same time offering me the flexibility to be a mom.
Luckily, Children First was offering a Job Skills Training Course as part of the agency’s Family Strengthening services. The class was perfect because it provided a sense of accountability and belonging. I learned about identifying and overcoming obstacles related to employment, and there was a special focus on resume writing, interviews, and ‘acing’ the first 90 days at a new job, which has benefited me! After a mock interview with my vocational family advocate Laura and her colleagues, I felt so confident with the skills that I had learned, and I decided to reach a higher goal in the workforce. I was offered a position at Sarasota School of the Arts & Sciences, where I have been working as a paraprofessional. While working full-time, I’ve also had the opportunity to go back to school to earn my bachelor’s degree to become a history or math teacher. My ambitions have led me to be a working professional, a full-time mom, and now, a student, but I’m not stopping there. In the future, I would like to earn my master’s degree and work as an administrator, with one of my ultimate goals being to run for the school board.
Because of Children First, Head Start, and my vocational coach, Laura, it feels like a whole new world of possibilities has opened. While I was unexpectedly unemployed but fighting to stay engaged, I was supported every step of the way. Laura and the team at Children First continue to guide me and my family on our journey to success. Although we still face unique challenges, I feel grateful and am so proud of how far we’ve come. Because Malik and I were able to grow and thrive in a healthy environment at the earliest stages of our lives, the lives of our children have been transformed for the better. Right now, some parents, families, and caregivers are struggling financially and socially. They need lower childcare prices, full workday hours with childcare coverage, and free transportation to and from daycare.
Head Start is a changemaker for all communities. Child by child, family by family, the seeds that are sowed continue to blossom as they stretch higher and higher toward the sunshine. Their promise is simple: every child, regardless of circumstances at birth, can reach their full potential. As I look to the future — from my youngest child thriving, to earning my teaching degree, to raising my beautiful children alongside my husband and beyond that, I know that thanks to Head Start, there is nothing to fear.
#NNPA BlackPress
Cold Weather Safety for Children
NNPA NEWSWIRE — Keep babies’ cribs free of stuffed animals and blankets. A firm mattress covered with a tight-fitting crib sheet is all that an infant needs to sleep safely.
By The Head Start Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center
Children are more vulnerable than adults to the effects of cold weather. The Head Start Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center developed these tips to help families and staff keep children safe, healthy, and warm in the winter.
Bundle up!
- Children are at greater risk for frostbite than adults. The best way to prevent frostbite is to make sure children dress warmly and don’t spend too much time outside in extreme weather.
- Dress children in layers of warm clothing. If the top layer gets wet, they will still have a dry layer underneath.
- Tuck scarves inside coats and jackets to prevent them from becoming strangulation hazards.
- Car seats and winter coats don’t mix. Bulky coats can compress in a crash and create a loose car seat harness. Instead, lay the jacket or a blanket over the children once you’ve safely strapped them into their car seat.
Keeping Healthy Outdoors
- There’s no set amount of time for children to play outside safely when the weather is cold. Use your best judgment. When the cold becomes unpleasant, it’s time to go inside.
- If you are unsure if weather conditions are safe for outdoor play, check the Child Care Weather Watch Chart.
- Have children come indoors periodically to prevent hypothermia or frostbite. A temperature of 0 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 15 mph creates a wind chill temperature of -19 F. Under these conditions, frostbite can occur in just 30 minutes.
- Frostnip is an early warning sign of frostbite. The skin may feel numb or tingly or appear red (on lighter skin).
- To prevent frostbite, check that mittens and socks are dry and warm. Frostbite occurs mostly on fingers, toes, ears, noses, and cheeks. The affected area becomes very cold, firm, and, depending on the color of the skin, turns white, yellowish-gray, or gray.
- Even though it’s cold outside, it’s important to use sunscreen and stay hydrated. Children are more likely than adults to become dehydrated.
Staying Safe Indoors and in Vehicles
- Keep anything that can burn at least three feet away from heating equipment, including furnaces, fireplaces, wood stoves, and portable space heaters.
- Set up a 3-foot “kid-free zone” around open fires and space heaters.
- Remember to turn portable heaters off when leaving the room.
- Test smoke alarms at least once a month.
- Vent all fuel-burning equipment to the outside to avoid carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
- Install and maintain CO alarms. Keep alarms at least 15 feet away from fuel-burning appliances.
- If you need to warm up your vehicle, remove it from the garage as soon as you start it to avoid the risk of CO poisoning. Don’t leave a vehicle running inside a garage.
- If vehicles are parked outside, check to make sure the tailpipe is not blocked with snow, which can also cause problems with CO.
Sleeping Safely in Any Season
- Keep babies’ cribs free of stuffed animals and blankets. A firm mattress covered with a tight-fitting crib sheet is all that an infant needs to sleep safely.
- If you are worried about keeping babies warm, dress them in a wearable blanket, also known as a sleep sack.
Infection Control
- Cold weather does not cause colds or flu. However, viruses that cause a cold and the flu are more common in the winter when children spend more time indoors.
- Keeping everyone’s hands clean is one of the most important ways to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Wash hands with soap and clean running water and rub them together for at least 20 seconds.
- Teach children to cough or sneeze into their upper sleeve or elbow, not their hands. Adults should model this behavior.
- Review program policies on handwashing; cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting; and excluding children and caregivers who are sick.
- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that all children 6 months and older receive the seasonal flu vaccine every year. All early care and education program staff should also get vaccinated for the flu.
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