Opinion

A Letter For Reparations!

Published

7 years ago

July 12, 2019

Dear Political Representative,

I would like to let you know that reparations for descendants of enslaved Black people in the U.S. is necessary to Make America Great, not Again, but for the first time.

As you know, the Portuguese set sail for the coasts of Africa in 1444 and negotiated the transportation of 235 Africans to Portugal. It was never expected that the total extraction would reach 5.8 million, and most of these Africans found their new place of labor in South America.

In contrast, a ‘mere’ 600,000 found their way to North America. So, when we look at the total number of Africans that made their way to the Americas, that number comes to 12.5 million.

In 1807, Britain outlawed the importation of Africans, and in 1808 so did the U.S., though slavery itself continued in the U.S and some British colonies.

It was just around that time, on the heels of the Industrial Revolution, that King Cotton catapulted America into an economic global powerhouse.

Had the U.S. had a stronger Navy, it may have been able to thwart international law and continue to import a labor force. But there was really no need. North America’s domestic slave trade, supported by U.S. law, created the work force King Cotton needed by forcing the enslaved people to breed, even further stripping them of their human dignity and deliberately robbing them of any sense of family or community when those children were sold away for profit.

In their book, “The American Slave Coast; A History of the Slave-Breeding Industry,” authors Ned and Constance Sublette, show that the economic benefits of slavery went well beyond the actual slaveowners. “To provide capital for those loans, the banks sold bonds to investors from around the globe — London, New York, Amsterdam, Paris. The bond buyers, many of whom lived in countries where slavery was illegal, didn’t own individual slaves — just bonds backed by their value.”

In other words, investors created an instrument that would allow slave owners to not only derive wealth from the labor of slaves, but harnessed a financial contract, called them bonds, and sold them to anyone who had the money.

According to an essay written by Brendan Wolfe for Virginia Humanities, “the estimated value of the labor performed by black slaves in America between 1619 and 1865, compounded at 6 percent interest through 1993 is $97 trillion dollars.”

So, please, Political Representative, accept the fact that African Americans are owed a certain store of value for the harm that slavery has caused.

I hope that this communication finds you in good health, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Signed,

Curtis O. Robinson, Sr.
A concerned American citizen.

Curtis O. Robinson, Sr.

Posts by Curtis O. Robinson, Sr.

Arts and Culture

COMMENTARY: Black Music is the Sound of Black Freedom: Let Us Reclaim Both This Juneteenth

Black Music Month started when Black Music Association members Ed Wright, Kenny Gamble and his wife, journalist and radio host Dyanna Williams were able to persuade President Jimmy Carter to establish the observation on June 7, 1979.

Published

3 days ago

June 9, 2026

Oakland Post

Robert Johnson (1911-1938) is thought of as the godfather of blues music, especially Delta blues. The 29 songs recorded by him during his short life have been of massive inspiration to guitarists and musicians over the last 80 years. Public domain photo.

By Wanda Ravernell

Black Music Month and Juneteenth are inextricably linked – Black music is the sound of our freedom.

From the plaintive moans of the enslaved Africans’ ‘sorrow songs,’ to the fields of Civil War battle where Black soldiers picked up abandoned bugles, to the upright piano played in juke joints on Saturday night and churches come Sunday morning, our ancestors’ innovation in the face of want, fear, degradation, and hopelessness has yielded genres of music imitated ’round the world.

In 2000, Congress made it official. In 2009, Pres. Barack Obama changed the name to African American Music Heritage Month and in 2023, Pres. Joe Biden changed it back to Black Music Month, two years after he declared Juneteenth a national holiday, the result of a movement led by Opal Lee.

Our ancestors battle for freedom over these last 400 years and the music that allowed them expression of their humanity deserved to be honored.

But we may be losing sight of the value of their sacrifices.

‘Sing a Song Full of the Faith That the Dark past Has Taught Us…’

Along with the long-known exploitation of Black musicians whose recordings were stolen by record companies, the commercialization of Juneteenth feels like another kind of theft.

I had never heard of Juneteenth until I moved to the Bay Area from my hometown of Philadelphia. I didn’t know it was one of many freedom festivals celebrated by descendants of enslaved people in the United States.

Emancipation Day was Jan. 1 in Pennsylvania, April 16 in Wash., D.C., May 20 in Florida, and Aug. 8 in Kentucky. But Juneteenth, June 19, has the most renown, known in Texas as the ‘colored peoples’ Fourth of July.’

It was marked by parades, beauty pageants, rodeos, backyard barbecues and church picnics.

Yes, church.

The formerly enslaved began the day praying in thanks for their freedom just as they had prayed for Jubilee – the day of freedom – when they had chains on their feet and hands. They ‘testified’ about their past suffering and how they had managed to overcome.

And they sang.

Although, we will not hold it this year, Omnira Institute’s Juneteenth Ritual of Remembrance recalled this part of Juneteenth with prayers in the languages of the African captives. In the middle of the ceremony, a soloist would lead us in singing “Many Thousand Gone” while we took turns reciting portions of the Emancipation Proclamation, the news of freedom that took more than two years to reach Texas – two months after the Civil War ended.

“Many Thousand Gone” was famously recorded by Black luminary Paul Robeson in 1947:

“No more auction block for me,

No more, no more

No more auction black for me

Many thousand gone.”

Other verses refer to the ‘pint of salt’ and the ‘driver’s lash,’ the realities of enslavement that they had survived.

‘Sing a Song Full of the Hope That the Present has Brought Us’

All of the genres of African American music have at their root songs like that, the essence being, as Stevie Wonder, wrote, “the joy inside our pain.” So Black music is not just music. It is our story, our history, our very strength.

During the Civil Rights Movement, which peaked 100 years after slavery ended, the people testified that it was the freedom songs – based on spirituals – that gave them the heart to march, face attack dogs, fire hoses, beatings, and shootouts with vigilantes.

The music reminded them that power was in the people. That music, our music, can do so again. We don’t have to accept the commodification of the products of our culture.

The power of those songs is showing a resurgence across the South as we battle again for the right to self-determination through the ballot box.

Those songs are the voices of our ancestors, voices forged in their blood, their sweat, their tears, joy and, above all, faith. Those songs, those prayers live in our blood and our very breath.

This Juneteenth, let us reclaim those holy voices expressed in Black music for ourselves. It is our birthright. It can neither be bought nor sold. No more. Never again.

Wanda Ravernell is the executive director of Omnira Institute, sponsor for 18 years of the Juneteenth Ritual of Remembrance and Oakland’s 11^th Annual Black-Eyed Pea Festival, which will take place on Sept. 12.