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Notre Dame President Credited for Transforming School Dies

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The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C, president emeritus of the University of Notre Dame, talks about his experiences over 90 years of life at his desk in the Hesburgh Library on the campus of the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Ind., in this Sept. 24, 2007 file photo. The priest who transformed the University of Notre Dame into an academic power during his 35 years in charge while also serving as an adviser to popes and presidents died Thursday night Feb. 26, 2015 at age 97 according to University spokesman Paul Browne. (AP Photo/Joe Raymond, File)

The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C, president emeritus of the University of Notre Dame, talks about his experiences over 90 years of life at his desk in the Hesburgh Library on the campus of the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Ind., in this Sept. 24, 2007 file photo. (AP Photo/Joe Raymond)

TOM COYNE, Associated Press

SOUTH BEND, Ind. (AP) — The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh transformed the University of Notre Dame into a school known almost as much for academics as for football, even if it meant challenging popes, presidents or legendary football coaches.

And he did it while championing human rights around the globe, from civil rights close to home — he joined hands with Martin Luther King Jr. at a 1964 rally and opened campus doors to women — to supporting Third World development. The work often took him far from campus, where the joke became that while God was everywhere, Hesburgh was everywhere but Notre Dame.

But Hesburgh, who died late Thursday at age 97, spent enough time on campus during his 35 years at the helm to build Notre Dame into an academic power. He was featured on the cover of Time magazine a decade into his tenure for an article describing him as the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic education, and he was awarded 150 honorary degrees. During his tenure, student enrollment spiked and the school’s endowment grew from $9 million to $350 million.

The charming and personable priest found as much ease meeting with heads of state as he did with students. His aim was constant: Better people’s lives.

“I go back to an old Latin motto, opus justitiae pax: Peace is the work of justice,” Hesburgh said in a 2001 interview. “We’ve known 20 percent of the people in the world have 80 percent of the goodies, which means the other 80 percent have to scrape by on 20 percent.”

Hesbugh died late Thursday night on the school’s campus in South Bend. Hesburgh had lost his sight and had been slowing down, yet he still celebrated Mass daily and showed up at his campus office every day until last week, said the Rev. John Jenkins, Notre Dame’s current president.

“We knew when he wasn’t going to the office, that was a sign,” Jenkins said.

In a letter Friday to the student newspaper, President Jimmy Carter recalled his 40-year friendship with Hesburgh, saying he devoted his life to serving humanity and taking courageous stands.

“Father Hesburgh has made the world a better place — for those of us whose lives he has touched directly and as an inspiration for generations to come,” Carter wrote.

Hesburgh’s goal coming out of seminary was to be a Navy chaplain during World War II, but he was instead sent to Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., to pursue a doctorate. He then returned to Notre Dame, where he quickly rose to become head of the theology department, then executive vice president. He was named president in 1952, at age 35.

His passion for civil rights earned him a spot as a founding member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission in 1957. President Richard Nixon fired him from the commission in 1972, after Hesburgh famously challenged Nixon’s record.

“I said, ‘I ended this job the way that I began 15 years ago — fired with enthusiasm,” Hesburgh recalled in 2007.

It wasn’t his only challenge to authority. When the Vatican demanded conformity to church dogma, Hesburgh insisted that Notre Dame remain an intellectual center for theological debate. And in 1949, he took on powerful football coach Frank Leahy while reorganizing the athletic department.

In 2000, when Hesburgh was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, President Bill Clinton called him “a servant and a child of God, a genuine American patriot and a citizen of the world.”

Hesburgh wrote several books, including the best-selling “God, Country, Notre Dame,” sharing his vision of the contemporary Catholic school.

“The Catholic university should be a place,” he wrote, “where all the great questions are asked, where an exciting conversation is continually in progress, where the mind constantly grows as the values and powers of intelligence and wisdom are cherished and exercised in full freedom.”

In keeping with that philosophy, Notre Dame underwent profound changes under Hesburgh. Control of the school shifted in 1967 from the Congregation of the Holy Cross priests, who founded the school, to a lay board. The school ended a 40-year absence in football post-season bowl games and used the proceeds from the 1970 Cotton Bowl to fund minority scholarships.

In 1972, Notre Dame admitted its first undergraduate women — which Hesburgh called one of his proudest accomplishments.

“We can’t run the country on men alone, never could,” Hesburgh said 25 years later. “Women ought to have the same opportunities to develop their talents as men do.”

The school was rather undistinguished academically when he became president. It had 4,979 students, 389 faculty members and an annual operating budget of $9.7 million.

When he retired in 1987, Notre Dame had 9,600 students, 950 faculty members and an operating budget of $176.6 million. It also was rated among the nation’s most prestigious universities.

“With his leadership, charisma and vision, he turned a relatively small Catholic college known for football into one of the nation’s great institutions for higher learning,” said Jenkins, the university’s current president.

Hesburgh may not have accepted such a compliment.

“I’m sure I get credit for a lot of things that I’m part of but not necessarily the whole of,” he once said. “We began a great university, and those who followed continued the motion forward.”

But he did draw criticism. Some said he spent too much time away from campus. Others objected when, after Vietnam War protesters clashed with police on campus, Hesburgh implemented a policy where students would be expelled if they didn’t cease and desist within 15 minutes if disrupting the university’s normal operations.

Hesburgh’s students included Jose Napoleon Duarte, whose 1984 election as El Salvador’s president set that country on a path to democracy after years of civil war. Hesburgh’s decision to have Duarte give Notre Dame’s 1985 commencement address was met by protests blaming Duarte in part for continued political killings and poverty in El Salvador. Hesburgh said presenting an honorary degree to Duarte didn’t mean the university had to agree with all he was doing.

Hesburgh also supported the university’s 2009 decision to invite President Barack Obama to speak at commencement. At least 70 bishops opposed Obama’s appearance, citing Obama’s support of abortion rights and embryonic stem-cell research. Hesburgh said universities were places where people of differing opinions could talk.

On Friday, Jenkins recalled Hesburgh’s support amid the Obama controversy.

“Without talking to me, he called my mom just to say this would turn out well,” Jenkins said, choking up. “They became fast friends that day. That’s Father Ted. He cared about people.”

Through it all, Hesburgh stayed true to what he called his basic principle: “You don’t make decisions because they are easy; you don’t make them because they are cheap; you don’t make them because they’re popular; you make them because they’re right.”

Hesburgh remained active at Notre Dame in his retirement, occasionally lecturing and presiding over residence hall Masses and helping develop the school’s Kellogg Institute for International Studies and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies.

But mostly, he was a priest and said Mass daily throughout his life.

“I’ve said Mass in airplanes at 50,000 feet. I’ve said Mass in the South Pole. I’ve said Mass in jungles all over the world. I’ve said Mass in African huts. I’ve said Mass in cathedrals. Wherever I am, I’ve been able to do it for over 60 years every day and only miss a couple of times in all those years,” Hesburgh once said.

A public tribute will be held Wednesday evening at the Joyce Center on campus. A private, simple funeral will be held Wednesday on campus, following a wake for invited guests Tuesday evening.

Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Black History

COMMENTARY: Our Voices — When Armed Power Appears at the Ballot Box

TEXAS METRO NEWS — “What terrifies me most is how casually these conversations are now happening. We are discussing armed federal presence near elections as though this were a normal political debate. Fifty years ago, Americans would have recognized immediately how dangerous this sounded.”

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Rev. Peter Johnson / Credit: Courtney Collins / KERA

By Rev. Peter Johnson | Texas Metro News

There are sounds you never forget once you have heard them. The slow crunch of gravel beneath a sheriff’s boots outside a voting station. The sound of a shotgun being cocked. The silence of Black citizens standing in line, afraid to make eye contact. The sound of a church mother whispering, “Baby, if I don’t come home tonight, tell your daddy I tried.”

I remember grown men trembling before voter registration tables, not because they were weak, but because they understood exactly what power could do to a Black body in America. I remember pastors watching police cars circle churches where voter meetings were being held. I remember people disappearing from movements overnight. I remember fear sitting beside democracy like an armed guard.

That is why my spirit turned cold when I heard the discussion of ICE agents and Border Patrol officers being present at polling stations. Some of us have seen this movie before, and we know how it ends.

America keeps pretending voter intimidation belongs only to history books. It does not. It evolves. It changes uniforms. It changes language. But it always carries the same message: “Some of you should think twice before showing up here.”

Today, the target may be immigrants, Latino communities, Muslims, asylum seekers, or mixed-status families. Tomorrow it will expand. It always expands. History teaches that once fear is allowed near the ballot box, democracy itself begins gasping for air.

Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche publicly defended the idea of immigration enforcement officers near polling locations, asking why people would object. The answer is painfully simple: because law enforcement presence has long been used in America to discourage unwanted people from voting.

Not to protect elections. Control them.

During Jim Crow, intimidation was often psychological before it became physical. Officers stood near entrances. White citizens took photographs. Names were written down. Questions were asked loudly enough for everybody else in line to hear. The goal was not merely arrest. The goal was humiliation. The goal was fear. The goal was to make people decide that voting simply cost too much.

And let me say this plainly: federal immigration agents do not symbolize safety to immigrant communities. They symbolize raids, deportation, detention centers, separated children, midnight knocks, and disappeared neighbors.

People in Washington know this. That is exactly why the idea is dangerous.

You do not place armed immigration authority near polling stations unless you understand the chilling effect it creates. A grandmother who is a legal citizen may stay home simply because her undocumented grandson lives with her. A young Latino voter may avoid the polls because he fears being questioned. A Muslim family may decide silence is safer than participation.

Fear spreads faster than policy. That is what America keeps forgetting.

Some readers will accuse me of exaggeration. But I lived through and experienced enough to watch this country repeat sins it swore it had already repented. Every generation believes democracy is sturdier than it really is. It’s not.

Democracy survives only as long as ordinary citizens believe they can approach the ballot box without fear of government intimidation.

The moment fear enters that space, something sacred begins dying.

What terrifies me most is how casually these conversations are now happening. We are discussing armed federal presence near elections as though this were a normal political debate. Fifty years ago, Americans would have recognized immediately how dangerous this sounded.

Now people shrug.

That is how nations drift toward authoritarianism. Not all at once. Slowly. Quietly. One normalized outrage after another. First comes the rhetoric. Then comes the fear. Then comes the silence. Then comes the surrender.

I buried too many of my freedom fighter friends to stay quiet while America plays games with voting rights again. I have stood in churches where old men still carried scars from police beatings tied directly to voter registration efforts. I have spoken with women who were fired from jobs for attempting to vote. I have listened to stories of bodies found hanging from trees because somebody dared believe democracy included them, too.

So no, I will not calmly dismiss this moment, because history whispers before it screams, and what I hear whispering right now sounds disturbingly familiar.

The presence of ICE or Border Patrol near polling stations may begin as “security.” But history warns us that government power, once normalized around elections, rarely retreats peacefully. It expands. It tests limits. It searches for new targets.

That is why every American, regardless of party, should reject this path now. Not later. Now. Once citizens associate voting with fear, democracy is no longer functioning freely. It is surviving on borrowed time.

Peter Jerome Johnson, was the youngest staff member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference under Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. An alum of Southern University, he founded the Peter Johnson Institute on Nonviolence.



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Black History

COMMENTARY: The Basis of Freedom: Reclaiming Land as an Act of Liberation

AFRO-AMERICAN – WASHINGTON — Rev. Dr. Heber Brown III discusses the importance of land ownership for the Black community, drawing on the teachings of Malcolm X and Queen Mother Audley Moore.

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Rev. Dr. Heber Brown III is a community organizer, local business leader and founder of the Black Church Food Security Network. This week, he speaks on the importance of land ownership for members of the Black community. Headshot Credit: Courtesy photo. Stock hands photo : Unsplash / Gabriel Jimenez

By Rev. Dr. Heber Brown III

I often look to our Ancestors to guide my service to the Black community today. They connect me to the movement that has been and is ongoing. Recently, I have been reflecting on two such inspiring Ancestors: Malcolm X and Queen Mother Audley Moore.

Rev. Dr. Heber Brown III is a community organizer, local business leader and founder of the Black Church Food Security Network. This week, he speaks on the importance of land ownership for members of the Black community. Headshot Credit: Courtesy photo. Stock hands photo : Unsplash / Gabriel Jimenez

These two leaders at the vanguard of Pan-Africanism and the reparations movement understood the importance of securing land to build power. As Malcolm X said, “Revolution is based on land. Land is the basis of all independence. Land is the basis of freedom, justice and equality.” Queen Mother Moore, in a 1975 speech, declared, “We believe African captives in the USA will not have freedom until they have land of their own.”

Through their wisdom and the examples of so many others, we see how Black-owned land is a source of cultural memory and spiritual grounding. When we hold land, we find freedom.

I learned this firsthand through my great-grandparents’ lives “down the country” in rural Virginia. That land was a respite of sorts from the ravages of racial capitalism found in the city. It was an oasis amid a society that burdens Black people in so many ways. The whole family benefited from having significant landholdings to care for themselves. There was pride in self-sufficiency.

Economic sovereignty joins these attributes that land gives us. Since Black people have lost land — due to racial violence, the discriminatory impact of “heirs’ property” and exclusion from banking and farm programs — our overall wealth has decreased. According to the Federation of Southern Cooperatives, Black people owned 16 to 19 million acres of rural land in 1910, compared to less than 3 million acres today.

This is partly why I founded The Black Church Food Security Network. Pairing Black farmers with churches who own land ties together food justice, community and freedom. While food pantries and food drives are necessary efforts to fulfill an immediate need for those who experience food insecurity, they are not enough. Securing land, infrastructure and the means of production is the key to overcoming food apartheid in our communities. It must also be a primary component of reparations.

African leaders, led by President John Dramani Mahama of Ghana, recently coordinated a United Nations resolution that finally declared that the trafficking of enslaved Africans was the “gravest crime against humanity,” urging the need for reparations as the next step. There is no peace in the world, leaders said, without healing and reparative justice for Africans across the diaspora.

This closely echoes the words of Brother Malcolm; he said our redress should be seen as a violation of human rights, and now the global record acknowledges it as such.

Though further support and action is still required, the UN resolution marks an important step towards the goals of our Ancestors. Queen Mother Moore long advocated for “the long overdue debt of forty acres and two mules, repay in land.” Malcolm X similarly strongly advocated for reparations for land for Black Americans, as the U.S. government has shown is possible.

Both of these leaders sought to bring the issues of land and justice in front of the UN. Now that those issues are there, we hold the hope of progress.

As Queen Mother Moore asserted, our spirits were never removed from Africa. We are still connected to that land and heritage. We have achieved much, but reparations — through land and other means — are required to be truly free from exploitation.

All roads lead back to land ownership. Colonizers erroneously see land as a portal to access resources, from precious minerals, to oil, timber and even people. For the rest of us, land signals security and communal self-reliance.

So, farmers, churches and communities continue working hand-in-hand. This is the unfinished work of our Ancestors. It is up to us to continue their legacy of liberation through collective land ownership.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are those of the writer and not necessarily those of the AFRO.

The post The basis of freedom: Reclaiming land as an act of liberation appeared first on AFRO American Newspapers.

Based on reporting by Afro-American – Washington.



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Arts and Culture

East Oakland COGIC Celebrates Re-Dedication

Keynote speaker Bishop Nathaniel Bullock, prelate of California Northwest Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction (CNEJ) reminisced on 51 years of friendship with Clifton prior to preaching “This Church Was Built to Last.” Bullock cited biblical scriptures from Matthew 16, Hebrews 13, Isiah 54, and John 10.

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Celebrating the East Oakland COGIC Rededication are (fromleft to right) Supt. James Manning, Supt. LaRonn Gray, Pastor L.J. Jennings, first lady Melissa Clifton, Pastor Mark A. Clifton Sr., Pastor Aaron Macklin, Bishop Nathaniel Bullock, Dr. Billy Dixon, Pastor Tyrone Duckett, Pastor Willie Haynes, Rev. Dr. Jeffrey M. Parker, Pastor Wade Harper, Pastor Norris Sheppard, Supt Danny Stevens, Supt. David Houston and Pastor Matthew Levy. Photo by Carla Thomas. 
Celebrating the East Oakland COGIC Rededication are (fromleft to right) Supt. James Manning, Supt. LaRonn Gray, Pastor L.J. Jennings, first lady Melissa Clifton, Pastor Mark A. Clifton Sr., Pastor Aaron Macklin, Bishop Nathaniel Bullock, Dr. Billy Dixon, Pastor Tyrone Duckett, Pastor Willie Haynes, Rev. Dr. Jeffrey M. Parker, Pastor Wade Harper, Pastor Norris Sheppard, Supt Danny Stevens, Supt. David Houston and Pastor Matthew Levy. Photo by Carla Thomas. 

By Carla Thomas

East Oakland’s Church of God in Christ (EOCOGIC) celebrated a spirit-filled re-dedication service marked by reverence, music, and community unity as clergy and congregants gathered to honor the church’s continued mission and legacy on Sunday, June 7.

Pastor Wade Harper served as master of ceremony, with opening prayer led by aspiring missionary Bridget Clifton-Foster, setting a reflective tone for the gathering. Elder-in-training Arnold C. Armstrong followed with a reading of the Holy Scriptures, grounding the congregation in the Word.

Missionary Otena Brown delivered the greeting and call to worship, praise was led by Pastor Matthew Levy, interim jurisdictional minister of music. Choir selections included “We Worship You,” “Can’t Stop Praising His Name,” and “Come On and Testify.”

Clifton-Foster presented “The Occasion,” offering insight into the significance of the re-dedication and the church’s continued growth. She explained how the church had endured a flood ruining the main sanctuary, leaving congregants to meet in the social hall.

The newly renovated space included comfortably cushioned chairs, replacing the traditional church pews.

Superintendent James Manning II led the offering, followed by brief clergy representations that reflected the broader faith community’s support. Local pastors gave EOCOGIC’s leaders Pastor Mark Clifton, Sr. and his wife, First Lady Melissa Clifton.

Keynote speaker Bishop Nathaniel Bullock, prelate of California Northwest Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction (CNEJ) reminisced on 51 years of friendship with Clifton prior to preaching “This Church Was Built to Last.”

Bullock cited biblical scriptures from Matthew 16, Hebrews 13, Isiah 54, and John 10.

“This church (EOCOGIC) will last because God’s reflection surrounds it,” said Bullock.

The event also celebrated Clifton’s elevation to the role of administrative assistant to Bishop Bullock.

CNEJ’s Supervisor of Women, Mother Ada Stevens, said, “God is good and will bless us if we continue to do the will of the Lord.”

The service continued with prayers of dedication and elevation, symbolizing a renewed commitment to faith and service. Melissa J. Clifton extended words of gratitude to the committee and all who contributed to the occasion. “We are so grateful for all the love and support,” she said.

A proclamation from the office of Mayor Barbara Lee, thanked the Cliftons and the EOCOGIC congregation for their community impact and legacy.

Superintendent Mark Anthony Clifton, Sr. closed the service with final remarks naming the church musical director Pastor Matthew Levy as his new special assistant.

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