Police Use of Force actions questioned

In his 1999 book, “Blue vs. Black,” attorney John Burris wrote, “In the past, our ideals about what type of personality was best suited for police work tended to favor boldness, physi­cal condition, skill with weapons, and the willingness to be proac­tive in crime control. These cri­teria are certainly necessary, but their emphasis, to the exclusion of all other qualities, has left most cities with police forces that ex­cel in force and are ill-equipped for mental combat.” Burris opined that, “Deescalation … must supplant the macho police re­action to any perceived challenge to authority.”

Burris’ book was published only a few years before he repre­sented Delphine Allen in his law­suit against the Oakland Police Department (OPD).

This litigation led to the cre­ation of the Negotiated Settle­ment Agreement (NSA), a frame­work of federal oversight that began in 2003 and continues to the present.

Among other topics, the NSA has specific “tasks” that address investigations of police miscon­duct, which routinely involve claims about police use of force.

The 63rd Report of the Fed­eral Monitor was published on Aug.19, 2019, and it appears that Mr. Burris’ 20-year-old critiques are as persuasive today as they were when they were published.

The City of Oakland recently advertised an apparent decrease in the use of force by members of the OPD.

According to City reports, use of force dropped 75 percent from 2012 to 2017. City officials claimed that this change was due to a variety of factors, such as better training, new policies, and the broad implementation of body-worn cameras (BWCs) within the department.

However, the Federal Monitor (and the OPD’s internal auditor) took a closer look at the underly­ing reporting, and their efforts to confirm the cause of the celebrat­ed drop in police use of force led to the disturbing conclusion that the OPD was under-reporting the force it had actually been using.

The Monitor’s conclusion was challenged by the City, which argued that confusion about the “low ready” position (a position where an officer draws their fire­arm and points it at a downward angle without specifically target­ing a subject) was largely respon­sible for unreported uses of force.

Further investigation by the Monitor did not support this ar­gument, as more than half of the BWC recordings reviewed by the Monitor did not involve the pointing of firearms.

An OPD internal investigation found that officers also failed to report “weaponless” uses of force such as bent-wrist and arm-bar control holds, and strikes, kicks, leg-sweeps, and takedowns.

More alarming, the internal in­vestigation found that an unusu­ally high percentage of unreport­ed uses of force involved African American subjects, that four spe­cific OPD squads had repeatedly failed to report uses of force, and that many officers who were members of these squads were under “supervisory monitoring” for past disciplinary issues.

The City has asserted that the reviewed sample size is too small to draw statistical conclu­sions. This point is well taken, but it should also be noted that the police department’s internal auditor found that police officers have been failing to activate their BWCs, or prematurely deactivat­ing their cameras.

This is a troubling finding for a tool that is supposed to ensure police accountability.

History appears to be repeat­ing itself, and we cannot afford to ignore the lessons of the past.

We have a tool now that did not exist in 1999. We have a voter-created Police Commis­sion, and we need to ensure that this Commission is empowered to make painful, necessary, and long-overdue changes in police procedure and culture. The Oak­land Police Commission is our city’s best chance at establishing true community oversight over a troubled police department. They deserve our full support, and a true chance to create a culture of accountability.

Henry Gage III, Esq.

Posts by Henry Gage III, Esq.